Peeling paint on your exterior walls isn't just an eyesore; it's a sign your home's protective layer is compromised. Before moisture damage sets in or your curb appeal takes a permanent hit, tackle this common issue head-on. With the right approach and a bit of elbow grease, you can restore your exterior's beauty and protect your investment.

## Quick plan (TL;DR)
*   Identify the cause of peeling.
*   Gather tools and safety gear.
*   Scrape away loose paint and clean the surface thoroughly.
*   Sand rough edges for a smooth transition.
*   Apply a high-quality, adhesion-promoting primer.
*   Patch any surface imperfections with exterior filler.
*   Apply two coats of exterior paint.
*   Clean up and dispose of waste properly.

## Before you start
*   **Scope & Skill Level:** This guide assumes basic DIY skills. Addressing extensive peeling (over 25% of a wall), lead-based paint concerns, or working at extreme heights might warrant a professional. For renters, always consult your landlord before undertaking major repairs.
*   **What can go wrong:** Skipping proper prep leads to re-peeling. Ignoring the root cause means recurring problems. Not using proper safety gear can lead to injury.
*   **Pre-work Checklist:**
    - [ ] Verify local building codes and HOA rules for exterior painting.
    - [ ] Check weather forecast for several dry, moderate temperature days.
    - [ ] Inspect entire wall for moisture sources (e.g., leaky gutters, faulty flashing).
    - [ ] Test for lead paint if your home was built before 1978.
    - [ ] Notify landlord (if renting) or neighbors (if project is extensive).

## Tools & materials

### Tools
*   Paint scraper (various sizes)
*   Wire brush
*   Stiff-bristle brush
*   Sanding block or random orbital sander
*   Medium-grit sandpaper (80-120 grit)
*   Putty knife or broad knife
*   Paintbrushes and rollers (exterior grade)
*   Extension pole for rollers
*   Drop cloths or tarps
*   Ladder (stable, A-frame or extension)
*   Pressure washer (optional, with caution)
*   Hose and spray nozzle
*   Bucket(s)
*   Dust mask/respirator
*   Safety glasses/goggles
*   Gloves

### Materials
*   Exterior all-purpose cleaner or TSP (trisodium phosphate) substitute
*   Exterior wood/masonry filler or spackle
*   High-quality, oil-based or acrylic latex primer (specifically for peeling paint)
*   Exterior latex paint (topcoat, matching existing or new color)
*   Painter's tape
*   Caulk (exterior grade, paintable)
*   Rags

## Time, cost, and difficulty
*   **Time:** Small areas might take a half-day. A moderately sized wall could be 1-2 full days, allowing for drying times. Larger projects can take several days or a weekend. Drying times for primer and paint significantly impact the schedule.
*   **Cost:** Expect to spend $50-$200 for tools and materials for a moderate repair, assuming you already own basic painting supplies. If renting a pressure washer or buying all new tools, costs will be higher. The type and quality of paint/primer are major cost factors.
*   **Difficulty:** Moderate. Requires patience, attention to detail, and a willingness to work outdoors, potentially on a ladder. The most challenging aspects are thorough surface preparation and achieving a seamless finish.

## Step-by-step instructions

1.  **Assess the Damage and Cause:** Examine the peeling. Is it localized (e.g., near a gutter leak) or widespread? Is the underlying surface sound? Pinpointing the cause (moisture, poor prep, wrong paint type) helps prevent recurrence.
2.  **Gather Safety Gear & Prep Area:** Put on safety glasses, gloves, and a dust mask. Lay down drop cloths or tarps to protect landscaping and catch paint chips. Move outdoor furniture and potted plants away from the work area.
3.  **Remove Loose Paint:** Use a paint scraper and wire brush to remove all loose, flaking, or blistering paint. Be thorough but gentle to avoid damaging the underlying surface. For larger areas or stubborn flakes, a pressure washer (on a low setting, held at a safe distance) can assist, but ensure the wall fully dries afterward (24-48 hours, depending on humidity).
4.  **Clean the Surface:** Scrub the entire repair area with an exterior cleaner or TSP substitute and a stiff-bristle brush. Rinse thoroughly with a hose, ensuring no cleaner residue remains. Let the surface dry completely before proceeding—this might take 24 hours or more. *Rule of thumb: The surface should be dry to the touch for at least 24 hours after washing before priming or painting.* 
5.  **Sand Edges & Smooth:** Lightly sand the edges of the intact paint to feather them into the bare areas. This creates a smooth transition and helps prevent future peeling. Use 80-120 grit sandpaper. Vacuum or brush away all sanding dust.
6.  **Fill Imperfections:** Apply exterior wood/masonry filler to any holes, cracks, or gouges. Use a putty knife to apply thinly and smoothly. Allow to dry according to manufacturer instructions, then lightly sand smooth. Caulk any gaps around trim or windows with paintable exterior caulk.
7.  **Apply Primer:** This is critical. Apply a high-quality, stain-blocking, adhesion-promoting oil-based or acrylic latex primer to all bare areas and over the feathered edges. Ensure good coverage. Allow the primer to dry completely as per manufacturer's instructions (often 2-4 hours, but can be longer for full cure).
    *   *Checkpoint:* The primed surface should feel smooth and uniform.
8.  **Apply First Coat of Paint:** Once the primer is dry, apply the first coat of your chosen exterior paint. Use brushes for edges and corners, and a roller for larger flat areas. Work in manageable sections.
9.  **Apply Second Coat of Paint:** Allow the first coat to dry according to manufacturer instructions (typically 4-24 hours). Apply a second, even coat for optimal coverage and durability.
    *   *Checkpoint:* Check for any missed spots or uneven application after the second coat.
10. **Clean Up:** Carefully remove drop cloths and painter's tape while the paint is still slightly tacky to avoid pulling up dried paint. Clean brushes and rollers. Properly dispose of paint waste and tarps according to local regulations.

## Common mistakes to avoid
*   Not identifying and fixing the cause of the peeling paint first (e.g., moisture source).
*   Skipping thorough surface preparation (scraping, cleaning, sanding).
*   Not using a high-quality primer specifically designed for adhesion over bare and previously painted surfaces.
*   Applying paint too thickly, leading to drips and poor drying.
*   Painting in extreme weather conditions (too hot, too cold, too humid, direct sun).
*   Not allowing adequate drying time between coats of primer and paint.
*   Using interior paint for exterior surfaces.

## Troubleshooting
*   **Symptom:** Paint peeling again shortly after repair.
    *   **Likely Cause:** Inadequate surface prep, underlying moisture issue not resolved, or wrong primer/paint used.
    *   **Fix:** Re-evaluate the root cause (e.g., gutter issues, leaky flashing). Scrape all new peeling paint, thoroughly re-prep, and apply appropriate primer/paint.
*   **Symptom:** Uneven texture or visible lines where old paint meets new.
    *   **Likely Cause:** Insufficient sanding/feathering of old paint edges, or filler not smoothed properly.
    *   **Fix:** Lightly sand the affected area. If necessary, re-apply a thin layer of filler, sand smooth, re-prime the spot, and repaint.
*   **Symptom:** Paint isn't adhering well to the patched areas.
    *   **Likely Cause:** Filler wasn't fully cured, or area wasn't properly primed before patching.
    *   **Fix:** Scrape off non-adhering paint. Ensure filler is fully cured and dry. Apply a spot prime over the patched area before repainting.
*   **Symptom:** Bubbles or blisters appearing in new paint.
    *   **Likely Cause:** Painting over a damp surface, trapped air, or painting in direct, hot sunlight.
    *   **Fix:** Carefully scrape away blisters. Ensure the surface is dry and paint during cooler parts of the day or when the area is shaded. Re-prime and repaint.
*   **Symptom:** Paint dries too slowly or remains tacky.
    *   **Likely Cause:** High humidity, low temperatures, or applying paint too thickly.
    *   **Fix:** Ensure proper ventilation if possible. Wait longer for drying. If the problem persists, very lightly sand the tacky area (if fully cured enough not to gum up sandpaper) and apply a thinner topcoat, ensuring proper environmental conditions.

## Safety notes
*   **Ladders:** Always use a stable ladder on a firm, level surface. Have a spotter if possible. Maintain three points of contact. Never overreach.
*   **Dust & Fumes:** Wear a high-quality dust mask or respirator (N95 or better for sanding, organic vapor respirator for oil-based paints/solvents). Ensure good ventilation.
*   **Lead Paint:** If your home was built before 1978, assume the paint contains lead. Do *not* dry-scrape, sand, or power-wash lead paint. Consult EPA guidelines or a certified lead-safe professional. Local regulations may require specific handling and disposal.
*   **Pressure Washers:** Can cause injury or damage if not used correctly. Start with a low-pressure nozzle and test in an inconspicuous area. Keep nozzle moving and at a safe distance from the surface.
*   **Chemicals:** Read manufacturer warnings for all cleaners, primers, and paints. Wear appropriate PPE (gloves, eye protection). Store chemicals safely.
*   **Electrical:** Be aware of outdoor outlets, lighting fixtures, and power lines. Never paint over electrical components. Turn off power at the breaker if working near outdoor fixtures.
*   **UV Exposure:** Wear sunscreen, a hat, and appropriate clothing to protect against sun exposure. Stay hydrated.

## FAQ
1.  **Q: Can I paint over peeling paint?**
    *   A: No. Painting over peeling paint is a temporary fix that will inevitably peel again, taking the new paint with it. Thorough prep is crucial.
2.  **Q: What causes exterior paint to peel?**
    *   A: Common causes include moisture intrusion (leaky gutters, cracks), improper surface preparation, using the wrong type of paint (e.g., interior paint outdoors), poor adhesion, or old age and wear.
3.  **Q: Do I need to remove *all* the old paint?**
    *   A: You only need to remove all *loose* and *flaking* paint. Intact, well-adhered paint can remain after proper cleaning and sanding of edges.
4.  **Q: How do I know if I have lead paint?**
    *   A: If your home was built before 1978, it's highly likely. You can purchase lead testing kits or hire a certified lead inspector. Always exercise caution.
5.  **Q: How long should primer dry before painting?**
    *   A: Always follow the manufacturer's instructions, but generally 2-4 hours for touch-dry, with a longer period (e.g., 24 hours) for full cure before applying the topcoat.
6.  **Q: Is it okay to use a pressure washer for paint removal?**
    *   A: Yes, with caution. Use a wide-angle nozzle and lower pressure to avoid damaging the substrate. Ensure the wall fully dries (1-2 days) afterward before any further work.
7.  **Q: Can renters fix peeling paint on their own?**
    *   A: Renters should always consult their landlord before undertaking any repairs, especially those involving the exterior structure, to avoid lease violations or liability for improper work.

## Sources & claims handling
When undertaking exterior painting projects, it's essential to rely on credible information for safety, product specifications, and regulatory compliance. Always verify specific details with:
*   Manufacturer's product data sheets and application instructions
*   Local building department or code enforcement office
*   Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for lead paint and waste disposal guidelines
*   Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for workplace safety (applicable even for DIY, especially ladder safety)
*   Paint and Coatings Association (PCA) industry standards
*   National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) for solvent/flammable material handling

Tackling peeling exterior paint can seem daunting, but by following these steps, you’ll not only restore your home's appearance but also reinforce its protection against the elements. Remember that thorough preparation is key to a long-lasting finish. Take your time, prioritize safety, and enjoy the satisfaction of a job well done.

Restore your home's curb appeal! Learn how to fix peeling paint on exterior walls with our expert DIY guide. Step-by-step instructions, safety tips, and common mistakes to avoid for a professional finish.

House Maintenance — posts & guides

How to Fix Peeling Exterior Paint: A DIY Guide for Lasting Results